A comprehensive study of design and simulations of Virtual Power Plants

The transformation of traditional power systems into smart, dynamic networks has increased the demand for advanced energy management solutions. Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) have emerged as a promising approach to integrate and optimize distributed energy resources (DERS) such as solar photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and responsive loads. VPPS allow the aggregation and coordinated control of these decentralized resources, improving grid flexibility, stability, and energy efficiency. This paper presents a conceptual design and review of VPP architectures, control strategies, and their role in smart grid environments. The study explores key components of VPPS, including communication protocols (e.g., IEC ۶۱۸۵۰, OpenADR), energy management algorithms, and system configurations. Furthermore, various simulation platforms used in modeling VPPS-such as MATLAB/Simulink, DIgSILENT PowerFactory, and OpenDSS-are discussed. Performance indicators like renewable energy penetration, state of charge (SOC) tracking, and peak shaving effectiveness are reviewed based on literature. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential of VPPs to enable a decentralized, resilient, and intelligent future power system.

کلیدواژه ها:

Virtual Power Plant ، Smart Grid ، Distributed Energy Resources ، Energy Management ، Renewable Integration ، Load Aggregation