Background: The
COVID-۱۹ pandemic has posed a significant threat to both the physical and mental health of individuals, adversely affecting their quality of life (QoL) by causing various psychological issues. This study aims to review the updated estimates of the prevalence of psychological problems and QoL status among Iranian medical residents before, during, and after the
COVID-۱۹ pandemic, as well as to discuss the factors influencing these conditions. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, a search of online databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, CIVILICA, and Google Scholar) was conducted with no time limit up to March ۲۰۲۴. The quality of the information was evaluated using the STROBE tool. Results: Nine relevant studies were selected. Medical residents exhibited a high prevalence of severe to extremely severe depression (۲۳%), severe to extremely severe
anxiety (۲۴.۹%), and severe to extremely severe stress (۳۳.۸%) during the
COVID-۱۹ pandemic. Anxiety symptoms increased from ۸% pre-COVID-۱۹ to ۲۴.۹% during the pandemic, while depression rates rose from ۱۹% to ۲۳%. A statistically significant relationship was observed between
anxiety and factors such as gender, field of study, number of patient visits, and city of study (p < ۰.۰۵). Symptoms of depression were more prevalent among female residents, singles, obstetrics and gynecology residents, non-native residents, and those in direct contact with
COVID-۱۹ patients (p < ۰.۰۵). High levels of stress were more common in female residents and those in surgery and anesthesia compared to non-surgical fields (p < ۰.۰۵). Additionally, female residents reported a lower quality of life during the
COVID-۱۹ pandemic (p < ۰.۰۵). Conclusion: Based on the results, medical residents were at high risk of developing anxiety, stress, and depression during the
COVID-۱۹ pandemic. Additionally, the quality of life was lower among female residents during this period.
