Recent Advances in the Design and Application of Catalysts: From Nanocatalysts to Biocatalysts

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the design and development of catalysts, leading to increased efficiency and productivity in various industries, including petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. This review article aims to examine recent progress in catalyst technology, analyzing different types of catalysts, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and biological (enzymatic) catalysts. Furthermore, the latest advancements in nanocatalysts and bio-inspired catalysts, their industrial applications, and their roles in enhancing environmentally friendly processes are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future research prospects in the field of catalysts to achieve greater sustainability and cost reduction are presented. This article serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and industry professionals interested in understanding the latest achievements and existing challenges in the field of catalysts.

کلیدواژه ها:

catalyst ، nanocatalyst ، bio-inspired catalyst ، catalyst stability ، biological catalysts