Investigating the function of adenosine receptors in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease remains a major challenge in neurodegenerative medicine, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, amyloid beta plaques, tau pathology, and neuroinflammation. Despite extensive studies, there is still no definitive treatment for this disease. Stem cells, including neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells, have recently been considered as a promising approach due to their unique properties, including the ability to differentiate into cell types and regenerate damaged tissues. Preclinical studies have shown the positive effects of these cells in reducing amyloid plaques, improving synaptic function, and reducing brain inflammation. However, challenges such as safety, long-term efficacy, and ethical issues still require further investigation. This review reviews the types of stem cells, mechanisms, recent achievements, hopes, and challenges facing this path.Alzheimer's disease remains a major challenge in neurodegenerative medicine, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, amyloid beta plaques, tau pathology, and neuroinflammation. Despite extensive studies, there is still no definitive treatment for this disease. Stem cells, including neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells, have recently been considered as a promising approach due to their unique properties, including the ability to differentiate into cell types and regenerate damaged tissues. Preclinical studies have shown the positive effects of these cells in reducing amyloid plaques, improving synaptic function, and reducing brain inflammation. However, challenges such as safety, long-term efficacy, and ethical issues still require further investigation. This review reviews the types of stem cells, mechanisms, recent achievements, hopes, and challenges facing this path.

کلیدواژه ها:

Alzheimer's disease ، stem cells ، cell therapy