From Absolute to Relative and Cognitive Space: Evolution of Geopolitics

The complexity of global order is often obscured by the oversimplified representations of international relations, illustrated through political maps. These maps, while seemingly objective, are subjective projections that reflect the ideology of their creators and fail to capture the nuanced dynamics of power and control among states. Such a misrepresentation contributes to a distorted understanding of global dynamics. Meanwhile, the origins of political geography can be traced back to the ۱۸th century, particularly with the establishment of the first school of political geography in Saint-Petersburg, Russia, between ۱۷۲۰ and ۱۷۵۰. Political geography, however, is not entirely homogenic; it encompasses several competing theories regarding the perception of space. It has developed gradually with the changes in perception of space: as an absolute, relative and cognitive space respectively. Recognizing the complexity and evolutionary features of a political map and political geography as whole thus appears to be crucial for understanding global politics.

کلیدواژه ها:

Political Geography ، Geopolitics ، Critical geopolitics ، absolute space ، relative space