An Analysis of the Role of Psychology and Sociology in the Historical Evolution of the Concept of the Best Interests of the Child

Background and Aim: This article analyzes the historical and legal evolution of the concept of the 'best interests of the child' and examines the influence of social, cultural, and scientific developments on this concept. The study aims to demonstrate how the notion of childhood has transformed over time and how the doctrine of the best interests of the child has evolved under the influence of religious, philosophical, and scientific factors. Method: This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach using qualitative research methods. Initially, data was collected through library research. A historical analysis method was then used to understand the evolution of the concept of childhood. Furthermore, through legal analysis, various legal systems were examined, and data was compared and contrasted. Additionally, psychological and sociological theories were presented to enhance the understanding of the child's status and the doctrine of the best interests of the child, identifying differences and implementation challenges. Results: Differences in legal doctrines regarding the definition and foundations of the best interests of the child stem from varying ideological perspectives. Traditional doctrines, based on religious, philosophical, and ethical viewpoints, consider the child as an entity in need of moral and educational guidance. However, with the advancement of human sciences, including psychology and sociology, new perspectives have emerged that recognize the child as an individual with unique social and psychological needs. This paradigm shift has led legal scholars to acknowledge the child's individual identity and personal rights. Consequently, in contrast to traditional views, modern theories emphasize the role of social factors in a child's development, highlighting the significance of personal identity in shaping the child's character. Conclusion: The concept of the best interests of the child is fluid and context-dependent, requiring flexible interpretation by judges in accordance with social and cultural circumstances. This approach