Legan Analysis of Precautionary and Preventive Approaches Toward Genetically Modified Products and Food Security

Food security, as a fundamental pillar of sustainable development, plays a vital role in safeguarding public health and societal welfare. The emergence of modern biotechnologies and the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in recent decades has introduced novel opportunities and challenges in the field of sustainable and safe food production. This article aims to legally analyze the precautionary and preventive approaches towards GMOs, by examining national and international legal frameworks with a focus on food security. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical based on documentary and comparative studies. The findings indicate that the precautionary approach, especially emphasized in international instruments such as the Cartagena Protocol and Codex Alimentarius principles, holds a pivotal position in managing risks associated with GMOs. Moreover, the Iranian legal system, by enacting the Biosafety Law (۲۰۰۹), has adopted a balanced approach between benefiting from biotechnology advancements and safeguarding public health. However, shortcomings in the effective implementation of these laws and intersectoral technical oversight remain evident. The results highlight the necessity to strengthen legal frameworks, enhance technical capacities, and deepen international cooperation to advance food security in the face of modern biotechnologies.

کلیدواژه ها:

Food Security ، Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) ، Precautionary Approach ، International Environmental Law ، Biosafety