Modeling of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, Rheological Aspects, and Biological Properties of “Barhang-e-Kabir” Mucilage

In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the influence of independent process parameters including water to seed ratio (g/g), temperature (°C), time (min), and ultrasonic intensity (%) on the extraction yield of “Barhang-e-Kabir”. Chemical composition, monosaccharide composition (using HPAEC-PAD), molecular conformation, molecular weight properties, Surface tension, ζ-potential, particle size distribution, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy, color measurement, Total Phenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), Antioxidant Activity (AA), antimicrobial and dilute-solution and steady-state behavior were evaluated. The optimum condition to obtain maximum extraction yield (۱۳.۱ %) was extraction temperature ۷۰ ᵒC, extraction time ۴۰ min, water to seed ratio of ۱:۱۰, and ultrasonic power of ۹۰ %. Plantago major gum (PMG) had ۸۹.۲۴% carbohydrate, ۴.۵۳% ash, ۴.۱۱% moisture, and ۲.۱۲% protein. Viscometric molecular weight and average molecular weight were found to be ۱.۱۳ ×۱۰۵ g/mol and ۹.۹ ×۱۰۵ g/mol, respectively. The intrinsic viscosity of PMG was ۱۲.۵۶ dL/g in deionized water at ۲۵ ºC. Steady shear measurement demonstrated that PMG is a shear-thinning fluid with high viscosity at low concentration. TPC, TFC and AA (IC۵۰) tests of PMG showed ۸۹.۸۰ ± ۱.۲۳ mg GAE/g dry sample, ۱۲۳.۲۵ ± ۱.۳۲ mg g−۱dry sample, and ۴۷۰.۴۵ ± ۰.۳۵ µg/mL, respectively. Prevention of linoleic acid oxidation in the system of ß-Carotene-linoleic acid was equal to ۳۲.۴۵ %. The results showed that Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most sensitive and highest resistance strain to PMG, respectively.

کلیدواژه ها:

Plantago major gum ، Ultrasound-assisted extraction ، Chemical composition ، Molecular conformation ، Rheological Behavior ، Biological activity