V-Doped Starch/Graphitic-Carbon Nitride Composite for Enhanced Pollution Degradation through Response Surface Methodology: The Study of Photocatalytic and Adsorption Process

The V-doped starch/graphitic carbon nitride was synthesized for the degradation of organic pollutants. This novel photocatalyst was characterized by various techniques including Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Based on the Central Composite Designs-Response Surface Methodology (CCD-RSM) design, ۵۰ full experiments were done including pH (۷.۸-۹.۸), adsorbent dose (۰.۰۱-۰.۱ g), MB concentration (۲-۱۲ ppm), time (۳۰-۲۴۰ min), and temperature (۱۵-۴۵ °C) for the methylene blue removal by V-doped starch/graphitic carbon nitride, and the best removal yield (۹۰.۸ %) was obtained at pH=۸.۳۳, ۰.۰۸ g adsorbent dose, ۱۲ ppm of MB concentration, ۲۱۵ min, and ۱۵ °C. Further, the interaction of adsorption parameters was considered, and the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order were shown as the best adsorption models. After the adsorption process, the photocatalytic degradation of MB was conducted under UV irradiation with high yield (۹۲ %), and the trapping experiments confirmed the photocatalytic degradation. As a result, the V-doped starch/graphitic carbon nitride can be employed for the adsorption and photocatalytic activities for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solution.

کلیدواژه ها:

Degradation ، Graphitic carbon nitride ، photocatalyst ، Starch