Surgical Treatment of Combined ACL, PCL, and Lateral Side Injuries

Background: Knee injuries involving multiple ligaments, especially the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL), pose significant challenges in orthopedic surgery. These injuries are often caused by intense sports activities or traumatic events, and if not properly addressed, they can lead to severe instability, pain, and long-term functional impairment. The complexity of surgical treatment increases with the number of ligaments involved, necessitating a thorough understanding of the anatomical relationships and biomechanical implications of each ligament. This study discusses the surgical techniques employed for the reconstruction of ACL, PCL, and combined lateral injuries, focusing on their effectiveness and outcomes. Methods: This study analyzed a series of surgical cases involving patients with combined injuries to the ACL, PCL, and LCL up to ۲۰۲۱. A retrospective review was conducted to assess the surgical techniques used over a defined period. The initial surgical approach involved arthroscopic reconstruction using autologous grafts, particularly from the hamstring tendons of the same side. Preoperative evaluations included imaging studies such as MRI to confirm ligamentous injuries and assess joint stability. The surgical procedures were performed under general anesthesia, with careful attention to graft preparation and tunnel placement for optimal ligament reconstruction. Postoperative rehabilitation protocols were standardized to promote recovery while minimizing complications such as stiffness or re-injury. Results: Results indicated that the surgical techniques used for combined reconstruction of the ACL, PCL, and LCL yielded favorable outcomes in terms of joint stability and functional recovery. In a group of ۳۰ patients, ۸۵% reported significant improvement in knee function, measured by standardized scoring systems such as the Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score at follow-up intervals of ۶ months to ۲ years post-surgery. Furthermore, complications were minimal, with only two cases of temporary nerve irritation and one case requiring additional surgery due to persistent instability. The study also demonstrated that early intervention and a structured rehabilitation program significantly contributed to positive patient outcomes. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of combined ACL, PCL, and lateral collateral ligament injuries is complex, but it can be effectively managed with a well-defined approach using arthroscopic techniques and autologous grafts. The findings support the notion that timely surgical intervention leads to improved functional outcomes and joint stability in patients suffering from these multifaceted knee injuries. Nonetheless, ongoing research is essential to further refine surgical methods and establish long-term efficacy among diverse patient populations.

کلیدواژه ها:

Knee Injuries ، ACL Reconstruction ، PCL Reconstruction ، Lateral Collateral Ligament ، Surgical Techniques ، Arthroscopy ، Autologous Grafts ، Joint Stability