The Effects of Saffron on Dietary Intakes in Cardiovascular Disease, A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a one of most common causes of mortality around the world. The aim of this study is to summarize and conclude the clinical evidence regarding the use of Crocus sativus (C. sativus) and its ingredients on cardiovascular risk factors. A systematic search was conducted with PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Scopus in the English language from ۲۰۱۵ until September ۲۰۲۱. A fixed-effect or random-effects models were applied to pool standard mean difference (SMD) and its ۹۵% confidence intervals (CI). Randomized controlled studies that assessed the clinical effects of C. sativus and its ingredients on dietary intake (Energy, Carbohydrate, Protein and total Fat) in human subjects were included. Seven studies comprising ۴۲۱ participants were included in the meta-analysis. Pooling of results showed significant effect of saffron on total fat (-۰.۱۴; ۹۵% CI: -۰.۴۹ to ۰.۲۰; I۲ = ۵۷.۳%) and significant effect of crocin on Energy (۰.۹۴; ۹۵% CI: -۰.۷۷ to ۲.۶۵; I۲ = ۹۵.۹%), Carbohydrate (۰.۴۴; ۹۵% CI: -۰.۷۴ to ۱.۶۲; I۲ = ۹۲.۶%), Protein (-۰.۰۴; ۹۵% CI: -۰.۲۶ to ۰.۳۴; I۲ = ۰.۰%). Present meta-analysis suggests that treatment with crocins is more effective than saffron in energy, carbohydrate, protein, while saffron is more effective than crocins in fat. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

کلیدواژه ها:

Saffron ، Crocin ، Lipid profile ، Energy ، Carbohydrate ، Protein ، Meta-analysis