Formulation of the Political Legitimacy of the Prophet's Rule in the Qur'an; A comparative analysis with an emphasis on contemporary interpretations

Political legitimacy is one of the most important concepts in the field of government, and its reading in the Islamic and Quranic thinking system can shed light on the angles of the Quranic attitude. In this regard, the article seeks to research the nature and dimensions of the political legitimacy of the Prophet's (PBUH) government in the Qur'an. For this purpose, by using a comparative method and thematic interpretation, it seeks to prove that the source of the legitimacy of the Prophet's (PBUH) government is divine. For this purpose, the problem has been investigated in two branches of the verses related to the structure and components of Islamic leadership and government and the verses related to the responsibility of the believers before the Prophet. Among the verses related to the structure and components of leadership and Islamic government, we can mention the verses regarding the appointment of political leadership such as Olaviat verse and Walaya verse, the verses clarifying the examples and affairs of the guardianship and the leadership of the Prophet such as ۱۰۵ Nisa, and the verses predicting the quality of providing the budget for the administration of the Islamic government. Among the verses related to the responsibility of the believers before the Prophet, the verses on the necessity of obeying the Prophet, the verses on the inadmissibility of violating the Prophet's orders, the verses on the necessity of asking permission from the Prophet, and the verses on the necessity of referring disputes to the Prophet are cited, which proves the divine political legitimacy of the Prophet's rule. Legitimacy is one of the important issues in the field of politics, which needs to be reinterpreted in the intellectual system of the Quran. In this work, an attempt has been made to revise this basic issue based on the Quranic verses and contemporary Shiite interpretations of them. Accordingly, this effort can be considered a kind of thematic interpretation in the compilation. In this way, the legitimacy of the government during the time of the Prophet (PBUH) is examined. Since the prophetic government is increasingly important in the Islamic political attitude, there are various views about the legitimacy of the prophet's rule. Some have considered it a theocracy, some nomocracy (rule of law based on divine laws), some charismatic, and even some democracy. The verses of the Qur'an generally reject non-divine authority. Their verses and interpretations clearly negate the forceful and overpowering rule and they have declared it based on verse ۱۲۷. Also, the rule based on heredity and eldership has been rejected based on the ۴th verse of Surah Qasas.