Comparison of Justice in the Prophet's (PBUH) Thought with Justice in Rawls's Thought

Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), the Prophet of Islam, has the highest position in Islamic thought, philosophy, and theology. An important position that turns his thought approach to justice and the relationship between justice and politics into a real manifestation of the course of Islamic thought in the first centuries of Islamic history. Justice in the thought of John Rawls, the great contemporary philosopher, in a liberal context and with emphasis on the place of justice in social and political structures and with repeated readings, is considered the most valuable thought in the field of moral and political philosophy in the contemporary history of the world, which introduces an efficient version of liberal justice. Comparing and measuring these two views on the subject of justice, society, and politics, leads a person to a correct understanding of the differences and similarities between justice in the thought of the Prophet (PBUH) and justice in liberal thinking. Rawls's justice is based on contractualism, obligationism, and pluralism, and it obtains its principles of justice from the agreement of the parties to a contract in the first situation, which is behind the veil of ignorance, and the parties to the contract are unaware of their future and position in society. In the thought of the Prophet (PBUH), which is derived from divine revelation, the principle of justice in society is rooted in divine commands and is obtained by revelation to achieve justice in societies. In the thought of the Prophet (PBUH), justice plays a fundamental role in the structure of existence, and by means of it, the heavens, the earth, and existence have been established, and it is rooted in justice that flows in all creation. In this view, justice is considered the criterion of right and the main criterion for enjoying the right social structure. Any structure and government that conforms to the principle of justice is considered an Islamic structure, and if it does not conform to justice, it is considered an unIslamic structure. Justice in Rawls's thinking is to establish a social structure that is far from any partiality of comprehensive doctrines, so that all doctrines gather around the principles of Rawlsian justice, and if the comprehensive doctrine is not in harmony with the principles of Rawlsian justice, it will be abandoned.

کلیدواژه ها:

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ، John Rawls ، social justice ، politics ، government