Nanonbiosensors; Rapid detection of Salmonella, Clostridium, Escherichia, and Brucella spp. infections

AbstractZoonotic diseases, which are infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans, represent a significant global health concern. Despite efforts to eradicate or control these diseases, healthcare systems continue to face a substantial burden due to their re-emergence. Early and accurate detection of bacterial pathogens is crucial to prevent the potential health consequences associated with zoonotic infections. However, conventional diagnostic methods such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), culture-based techniques, and immunological assays have limitations, including costliness, labor-intensiveness, and lengthy turnaround times for results. There is an increasing interest in developing faster, more accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic methods to address these challenges. Nanobiosensors are emerging as promising tools for rapidly detecting infectious disease agents. These devices utilize biological recognition elements to detect specific pathogens and have the potential to revolutionize diagnostic practices. Additionally, incorporating nanotechnology, particularly Nano Particles (NPs), has been shown to enhance the performance of biosensors by improving their specificity and sensitivity. This review explores the application of biosensors and nanobiosensors to rapidly detect Salmonella, Clostridium, Escherichia, and Brucella spp. Infections. These innovative technologies offer several advantages over traditional diagnostic methods, including reduced cost, simplified workflows, and faster results. Nanobiosensors can detect the presence of bacterial pathogens in various sample types, including environmental samples, animal specimens, and clinical samples, making them versatile tools for disease surveillance and control. Moreover, nanobiosensors have shown promise in enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of detection assays, enabling the early identification of Salmonella, Clostridium, Escherichia, and Brucella spp, even at low concentrations. By leveraging advancements in nanotechnology, researchers can further improve the performance and reliability of biosensors for zoonotic disease diagnosis. Overall, integrating biosensors and nanotechnology holds great potential for enhancing the detection and characterization of Salmonella, Clostridium, Escherichia, and Brucella spp. These innovative diagnostic tools can revolutionize disease surveillance efforts, mitigate the spread of zoonotic diseases, and ultimately improve public health outcomes on a global scale.

کلیدواژه ها:

nanobiosensors ، Salmonella ، Clostridium ، rapid detection ، nanomaterials