Introduction:
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is marked by excessive blood glucose levels.
Diabetes nephropathy is usually first manifested as an increase in urinary albumin excretion. Diabetic
nephropathy (DN) is the most common diabetes complication, and renal failure is one important the morbidity and mortality of affected patients (Tooke, ۱۹۹۵). Clinically significant morbidity may often develop before diagnosis, and early diagnosis provides the opportunity for more precise medical care and disease management. Unraveling the mainstay events could support the early diagnosis. Method: To achieve this, we followed the approach of
RNAseq data analysis using the Geo dataset, GSE۱۵۴۸۸۱. We compared the healthy control, diabetes, and
nephropathy groups. Differentially expressed genes were determined, and a Venn diagram of the DEGs was made between the two groups. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed using EnrichR to reveal the related pathways. Results: As it is inferred from the Shared gene between
nephropathy and diabetes, the immune system and its components, including the innate and adaptive immune system, JAK/STAT Signaling, interferon signaling, neutrophil degranulation, complement activation, and also metabolic dysregulations interplay both diabetes and
nephropathy manifestations. Nephropathy-specific DEGs are involved in the pathway, such as erythrocytes taking up oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, iron uptake and transport, heme biosynthesis, cell cycle checkpoint and gene expression events, and pentose phosphate pathway. Conclusion: The most important underlying event in diabetes is immune system mediation, which is highlighted in nephropathy, as well (Li et al., ۲۰۱۹; Lindenkamp et al., ۲۰۲۳). The more specific pathways for
nephropathy are related to the erythrocytes' function and heme biosynthesis. It indicates the potential role of erythrocytes in the pathological development of diabetic complications (Wang et al., ۲۰۲۱) (Matteucci & Giampietro, ۲۰۰۷). So detecting corresponding indicators of erythrocytes and the molecular driver events can explain the occurrence and progression of nephropathy.
