Inhibition of angiogenesis based on the dynamic model of tumor growth using adaptive control method

The primary objective of high-dose chemotherapy is to eradicate rapidly proliferating cancer cells. While conventional chemotherapy offers numerous benefits, it is often associated with significant adverse effects. Metronomic chemotherapy represents a novel approach that employs continuous and low-dose administration of chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. This approach specifically targets endothelial cells active in new tumor blood vessels, which play a crucial role in tumor nutrition and growth. Mathematical and computational modeling, as a powerful tool, has revolutionized our understanding and treatment of diseases, especially cancer. By accurately simulating tumor growth and utilizing engineering principles, researchers seek to find the most effective treatment strategies. Biomedical control engineering, leveraging advanced mathematical models, offers an innovative approach to optimizing cancer treatment processes. By precisely designing treatment protocols and intelligently adjusting chemotherapy drug dosages, this approach significantly improves treatment outcomes and reduces side effects. Using this method, physicians will be able to design personalized treatments for each patient, tailored to the unique characteristics of the tumor and the patient's body. This leads to increased treatment efficacy and reduced risk of drug resistance. Additionally, by optimizing drug dosage, it is possible to mitigate severe side effects associated with chemotherapy and significantly improve patients' quality of life. In this Article, a model reference adaptive controller is proposed to determine the optimal dosage of chemotherapy drugs. The controller is based on the well-established Hanfeld mathematical model, which describes the complex interaction between endothelial and tumor cells as a two-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system. This study proposes an efficient method to control tumor growth and reduce the volume of endothelial cells by optimizing drug consumption. Ultimately, the goal is to control tumor growth and increase the effectiveness of treatment. By applying the approach presented in this research, a significant decrease in drug consumption and a significant decrease in the volume of endothelial cells and tumors were observed. Simulation results indicate that within a relatively short period of ۸۴ days, the system's variables decreased to below ۱ mm۳ and eventually reached a negligible value of ۰.۰۰۷ mm۳.

کلیدواژه ها:

dynamic system of cancer ، mathematical model of tumor ، targeted therapy ، adaptive control ، optimal medication ، metronomic chemotherapy