Utilization of CoFe۲O۴@HKUST-۱ for Solid-phase Microextraction and HPLC-UV Determination of NSAIDs in Serum, Plasma, and Urine Samples

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used painkillers but can have side effects, making it essential to measure their concentration in biological fluids. In this study, a CoFe۲O۴@HKUST-۱ coating was applied to a capillary glass tube via a hydrothermal method. The coated tube was then used as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber to detect four NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Nalidixic acid, Diclofenac, and Naproxen) using HPLC with a UV detector in plasma, urine, and serum samples. Optimization of variables (the initial pH of the sample solution, concentration of salt, time of extraction, and rate of stirring) was done with the Box-Behnken design and one-variable-at-a-time method (pH, type and volume of desorption solvent). The linear range (LR) was ۰.۰۶-۴۵۰ μg L−۱ with R۲>۰.۹۹۷۰, and the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were ۰.۰۱-۰.۰۴ μg L−۱ and ۰.۰۴-۰.۱۴ μg L−۱, respectively. The relative standard deviation percentage (RSD %) was ۱.۳۳-۵.۴۳%, and recoveries ranged from ۹۴.۴۵% to ۹۹.۰۰%. This fiber is cost-effective, durable (>۱۱۲ extractions), and demonstrates superior LOD and LR compared to other methods, making it ideal for monitoring NSAID levels. The magnetic HKUST-۱ coating enhances extraction efficiency two to four times compared to nonmagnetic HKUST-۱, making CoFe۲O۴@HKUST-۱ a highly efficient sorbent.

کلیدواژه ها:

biological samples ، Magnetic metal-organic framework (mag-MOF) ، Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) ، Pechini method ، Solid-phase microextraction (SPME)