Analysis of Operational Costs for Navigation Satellite Constellations Based on LEO and MEO Orbits with the Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) Criterion

Satellite constellations have become a major topic in space engineering due to their impact on the economy, society, and military affairs. The reduction in launch and satellite design costs has led private companies to compete in building and designing satellite constellations with various missions. The operational costs for these satellites will be analyzed based on their arrangement in LEO and MEO orbits. In this study, cost estimation will be based on the type of satellite and their launch costs using local launch vehicles. In the first scenario, with ۹۰ satellites arranged symmetrically at a ۵۵-degree inclination in LEO at an altitude of ۱,۰۰۰ km, a GDOP of ۳.۹۲ and a maximum operational cost of $۴۵۰ million will be achieved. In the second scenario, with ۲۴ satellites in MEO at an altitude of ۲۰,۰۰۰ km, a GDOP of ۲.۶ and a maximum operational cost of $۹.۶ billion are anticipated.

کلیدواژه ها:

satellite ، satellite constellations ، cost of launching ، navigation