The therapeutic potential of Bactrian camel ( Camelus bactrianus ) milk

Camel milk as a nutraceutical food has many health-giving benefits such as anti-infectious, anti-allergenic, immune system stimulant, anti-hypertension, antioxidant, antibacterial, and prevention from diabetes, cancer, immune disorders, Crohn’s disease, and autism. Camel milk also contains higher concentrations of lactoferrin (used in cancer treatments) and immunoglobulin G (important in the early stage of life) than cow milk. Furthermore, the absence of β-Lg may be one of the reasons why camel milk is less allergic than other animal milk, which makes it suitable for the preparation of children foods. Most of the abovementioned healthy benefits are linked to bioactive proteins or peptides, including lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, and other bioactive peptides. Camel milk lactoferrin, due to its antibacterial property, inhibits the growth of food-borne pathogens through either destroying cell membranes or inducing cell lysis, as well as anti-diabetic activity through stimulating pancreatic β-cells to secrete insulin. Camel milk α-lactalbumin and β-casein hydrolyzed peptides were detected to have dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity (leads to increased levels of plasma GLP-۱ and insulin, and thereby lowers blood glucose). In one study, Bactrian camel milk (BCM) could suppress cell apoptosis and promote cell proliferation, reduce hepatocyte and kidney injuries, and decrease the blood glucose concentration of type ۲ diabetes mellitus rats, which provides a new adjunctive treatment for diabetes mellitus. In other research, exosomes of BCM obtained by ultra-high speed centrifugation could significantly reduce the blood glucose level of type I diabetic mice mellitus and restore the body weight of mice. Thus, the exosomes could be used as natural nano-grade oral drugs for the treatment of type I diabetic mellitus. Peptidomic technique illustrated that Dromedary and Bactrian camel milk had significant differences in qualitative and quantitative levels of endogenous peptides (۱۷۰ peptides derived from ۲۷ proteins were different), they had similarities in bioactivity, including anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-oxidative function. Accordingly, BCM was hydrolyzed by trypsin, pepsin, alcalase, and papain enzymes, and three novel peptides were isolated with antioxidant properties, suggested for application in human nutrition as a biocompatible functional food remedy. Reports have indicated correlations between gut microbiota and obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer; in particular, changes in the quantity of some microbial genera could either induce certain diseases or provide health benefits. With this knowledge, in an effort, consumption of BCM reduced the relative abundance of Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, and Desulfovibrio in the gut microbiota of mice. It increased Allobaculum, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium, which are beneficial for organisms.

کلیدواژه ها:

Endogenous peptides ، Diabetes ، Microbiota ، Insulin ، Nutraceutical