An Overview of Well Integrity Challenges in CO۲ Geological Storage and Enhanced Gas Recovery

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects have emerged as a critical approach to mitigating climate change bysequestering CO₂ in geological formations. However, maintaining the long-term integrity of wells remains asignificant challenge due to the chemical and mechanical interactions between well materials and CO₂-richenvironments. This paper reviews the degradation of Portland cement under CO₂ exposure, emphasizing therole of carbonation, bi-carbonation, and associated changes in mechanical and transport properties. Key topicsinclude well failure mechanisms, integrity criteria, and risk-based approaches for abandoned wells. Laboratoryexperiments and modeling efforts highlight critical factors affecting cement durability, including pressure,temperature, and chemical composition. Effective well design and monitoring are imperative for ensuring thesuccess and safety of CCS projects .

کلیدواژه ها:

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) ، Well Integrity ، CO₂ Leakage