The Comparison of Food and Nutrient Intake among Iranian Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Adults

Background: Diabetes is known as a rising global health metabolic disorder. Eating choices are considered as a main factor in type ۲ diabetes (T۲D) prevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the comparison of food and nutrient intake among diabetic and non-diabetic adults in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on ۵۴۴۲ Iranian adults aged ۳۵–۷۰ years from Shahedieh cohort study, Yazd, Iran. Dietary intake of participants was evaluated using a validated ۱۲۱-item food frequency questionnaire. All data about the amount of food groups, total energy, micronutrients, and macronutrients intake were analyzed using SPSS version ۲۳.۰. Results: Participants without diabetes showed significantly higher intake of grains, legumes, total meat, fats, sweets, energy, carbohydrates, total fat, total cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin B۹, B۱۲, A, and D in comparison with patients with diabetes. On the other hand, diabetic patients revealed significantly higher amounts of vegetables, fruits, dietary fiber, biotin, potassium, and magnesium consumption compared to non-diabetic participants. Conclusion: Given that diet and nutrition are widely believed to play an important part in the development of T۲D, significant differences were found in dietary habits of diabetic patients in comparison with participants without diabetes. These findings suggest that emphasis on education is required to improve the current dietary behaviors to assist in the prevention of  disease complications.

کلیدواژه ها:

Food intake ، Nutrients ، Diabetes mellitus ، Diet ، Iran.