Introducing of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. ‘Hidajdor ’) new cultivar; Early ripening, large seed with erect growth type

Introduction: Production of beans improved varieties with desirable characteristics such as higher yield, large marketable seeds, tolerant to environmental stresses, erect growth type and suitable for mechanized harvesting are most important goals in introducing of new bean varieties. Therefore it is necessary to provide cultivars to farmers and crop producers that have quantity and quality assurance of the product for their use. Testing value for cultivation and use examines the performance of the candidate varieties, which is compared with the performance of the varieties in the national list of cultivars (Animal & plant agency, ۲۰۲۳). In ۲۰۲۰, the global area under bean cultivation is reported to be about ۳۵ million hectares (FAO, ۲۰۲۰). The area under bean cultivation in Iran in the crop year ۲۰۱۷-۲۰۱۸ was about ۱۰۸ thousand hectares and the amount of production of this crop was more than ۲۴۹ thousand tons with an average yield of ۲۳۸۹ kg per hectare (Darvishi et al., ۲۰۲۳). This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the agricultural value of one new variety of white bean named Hidajdor which were introduced by the private sector with the aim of registering the named variety in the national list of plant varieties. Therefore the yield and other important agronomic characteristics of this cultivar should be compared with the cultivars in the national list of plant cultivars based on the characteristics mentioned in the bean value for cultivation and use test instructions. Materials and methods: Candidate white bean cultivar (Hidajdor) along with ۴ domestic control cultivars (Almas, Dorsa, Pak and Shokufa) were studied in ۳ locations (Karaj, Zanjan and Khomein) based on complete randomized block design in ۳ replications during two crop seasons (۲۰۱۹-۲۰۲۰ and ۲۰۲۰-۲۰۲۱). Important agricultural characteristics such as length of flowering period, length of ripening period, height of first pod, number of seeds per plant, hundred seeds weight and seed yield were studied on the instructions of bean value for cultivation and use test. SAS software (version ۹.۱) was used for data analysis and mean comparison of studied data was done with Duncan's multi-range test at ۵% probability level. Results and Discussion: Variance analysis showed that cultivar factor had significant effect on studied characteristics consist of length of flowering period, length of ripening period, height of first pod, number of seeds per plant, hundred seeds weight and seed yield. Flowering occurred significantly earlier in candidate cultivar (Hidajdor) than control cultivars (۶ days earlier). As the same way, physiological seed ripening in candidate cultivar occurred earlier than control cultivars (۴ days earlier than mean of other cultivars). In Candidate Hidajdor variety, despite the lower height of the plant compared to control cultivars, the height of the first pod was higher than control cultivars. Although the number of seeds in the plant of Hidajdor candidate cultivar was lower than control cultivars, but this variety produced bigger seeds so that the average weight of hundred seeds of this variety (۴۶.۷۲ grams) was significantly higher than the control cultivars (۲۹.۰۵ grams). Also, in early flowering cultivars, the seed filling period will be longer (Shoonhoven & Voysest, ۱۹۹۱). This feature has caused early flowering cultivar (Hidajdor) to have higher hundred seed weight despite having a lower yield. It has been reported that the weight of hundred seeds weight and the number of seeds in pods are influenced by genotype in bean plants and the studied cultivars can behave differently in terms of these traits (Faraji et al., ۲۰۱۰). Conclusion: Finally, the candidate cultivar Hidajdor can play an effective role as new germplasm in the country's bean production due to its erect growth type and ease of harvesting, early maturity and consumption of one to two times less water, marketability and production of larger seeds. Early flowering is considered as an important advantage in the formation of yield of bean cultivars. This feature makes the flowering process start earlier in early flowering cultivars before the onset of environmental stresses such as drought and high temperature.

کلیدواژه ها:

Earliness ، Growth type ، Hundred seed weight ، Seed yield