Behavioral Nudges for Sustainable Marine Tourism: A Comprehensive Review of Strategies and Impacts

Behavioral nudges, rooted in behavioral economics, have emerged as innovative tools for promoting sustainable practices in various domains, including marine tourism. This comprehensive review explores the theoretical foundations, practical applications, and outcomes of nudging strategies in the context of sustainable marine tourism. Drawing from key theories such as prospect theory, social norms theory, and dual-process theory, the study identifies the mechanisms through which nudges influence tourist behavior. Findings reveal that interventions like default eco-friendly options, social norm messaging, gamification, and real-time feedback significantly enhance pro-environmental behaviors. For instance, nudge-based strategies in marine parks have achieved up to a ۳۰% reduction in littering while improving tourists' environmental awareness and experience quality. Moreover, nudges bolster the economic viability of tourism by attracting environmentally conscious visitors and enhancing long-term profitability. However, challenges such as cultural variability, ethical concerns, and infrastructural limitations underscore the need for localized and adaptive approaches. This review concludes that behavioral nudges, when thoughtfully designed and collaboratively implemented, can serve as effective, scalable solutions for aligning marine tourism with sustainability goals. Future research should focus on quantifying long-term impacts and leveraging advanced technologies like artificial intelligence to enhance the personalization and efficacy of nudges.

کلیدواژه ها:

Behavioral nudges ، Sustainable marine tourism ، Environmental behavior ، Nudge strategies ، Sustainable tourism practices.