Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification and Its Impact on theTribological Properties of Additive Manufacturing Alloys: AConceptual Classification Review

Surface properties are critical in determining the durability and performance of metalcomponents across various industries, including automotive, aerospace, marine, petrochemicals, andbiomedical applications. Over ۸۰% of mechanical failures in engineering materials are attributed tosurface-related issues such as wear, corrosion, and fatigue, making effective surface modificationtechniques essential. Traditional chemical methods of surface modification, such as coating andnitriding, are commonly employed in industrial settings; however, these methods often face challenges,including environmental impacts and precision requirements. In contrast, physical methods, such asultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM), have emerged as viable alternatives. This studyreviews the tribological properties of metals treated with UNSM, focusing on characteristics such ashardness, roughness, coefficient of friction, wear, and corrosion resistance. By employing theConceptual Classification Method (CCM), we conduct a systematic literature review, gathering datathrough extensive keyword searches and categorizing findings based on critical criteria to evaluatetrends and gaps in the field statistically. The results of the statistical analysis indicate that ۹۲.۶% of thearticles published in the field of UNSM have been reviewed, with all demonstrating increased hardnessdue to this treatment. Regarding roughness, ۱۸.۹% of the articles reported using the UNSM process toincrease roughness, while others noted a decrease. In the areas of wear rate, friction coefficient, andcorrosion rate, the percentage of articles examining these parameters post-UNSM was lower; however,all reported improvements in these parameters following UNSM treatment. The findings from thisreview are intended to guide future research and applications of UNSM in industries where enhancedtribological performance is crucial.Keywords: Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface

کلیدواژه ها:

Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification ، UNSM ، Conceptual Classification Method ، Tribology ، Hardness ، Roughness ، Coefficient of friction ، Wear