Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts for Power Purchase Agreements: Trading Solar Energy with Fuzzy Pricing

Solar energy as a renewable energy, is widely used by many solar power plants to generate electricity. As production in this sector grows, conducting business in this area becomes increasingly important. Solar energy trading is facilitated through power purchase agreements (PPA), which outline the key elements for building a solar power plant and managing related transactions. However, the current trading system has several drawbacks. These challenges include the absence of transaction tracking and payment mechanisms, limited user access to transaction data, and low transparency, trust, and consistency in solar energy pricing. A new technology that has recently emerged and can be utilized for trading is blockchain technology. It is a continuously growing list of recordable items, called blocks that are linked together using encryption. By leveraging blockchain for solar energy trading, many existing challenges can be addressed. Essentially, blockchain functions as a decentralized shared ledger, enabling members to collaborate for specific purposes without depending on a central authority. One of the notable features of some blockchain networks, including Ethereum, is the ability to create smart contracts. A smart contract is a set of computer codes that automatically execute on a blockchain platform under predefined conditions, without the central authority need. Blockchain, through the use of smart contracts, can offer a secure, transparent, peer-to-peer, distributed, decentralized, verifiable, reliable, and traceable platform for solar energy transactions. Additionally, by defining national cryptocurrencies within this localized context, it is possible to prevent the outflow of currency from the country during international transactions. To address the issue of solar energy pricing, which depends on the inflation rate factor and the dollar rate factor, the use of a fuzzy system can be effective. Fuzzy logic is a computational approach used to model uncertainties and complexities in real-world systems. In the context of PPA, a fuzzy system can serve as an effective tool for pricing electricity generated by solar power plants. As a result, designing a platform with blockchain features for solar energy trading, implementing PPA contracts on the blockchain, and using a fuzzy system for solar energy pricing are extensive areas of focus for this research.

کلیدواژه ها:

Solar energy ، Power purchase agreements (PPA) ، Blockchain ، Smart contract ، Fuzzy pricing ، Fuzzy System