Advances in Biological Wastewater Treatment: A Comparative Review of Bioreactors, Anaerobic-Aerobic Systems, and Biofilm Technologies

Biological wastewater treatment has gained increasing importance due to the growing complexity of pollutants and stricter environmental regulations. This review examines the findings of various studies conducted between ۲۰۲۲ and ۲۰۲۴, focusing on innovative biological treatment methods such as anaerobic-aerobic processes, biofilm reactors, and MBBR technologies. By analyzing these technologies, their capabilities in urban and industrial settings are evaluated. The results indicate that combined systems integrating biological and chemical processes demonstrate superior performance, particularly in the removal of emerging contaminants and nutrients, while reducing energy consumption and operational costs. The future of wastewater treatment lies in customizing these processes based on the specific characteristics of wastewater streams. This article emphasizes the efficiency and sustainability of these emerging technologies and offers strategies for expanding their application. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and opportunities for future advancements in this field, highlighting the need for ongoing research and innovation to enhance treatment efficacy and address environmental concerns effectively.

کلیدواژه ها:

Biological wastewater treatment ، anaerobic-aerobic processes ، biofilm reactors ، MBBR ، aerobic granular sludge ، emerging contaminants ، nutrient removal