Safflower-derived cationic lipid nanoparticles: potential impact on the delivery of SARS-CoV-۲ mRNA transcripts

The COVID-۱۹ pandemic has significantly highlighted the successful application of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as an advanced platform for mRNA vaccine delivery. Ionizable lipid is the main component for complexing the mRNA in LNP formulation and in vivo delivery. In the first step of this study, we used the native safflower oilseed to prepare dilinoleyl alcohol. Then the cationic lipid (MC۳) was synthesized by mixing the alcohol with dimethylamino butyric acid. Safflower-derived MC۳ was applied to formulate an LNP vector with standard composition. The efficiency of the synthetic cationic lipid was evaluated for delivering an mRNA-based vaccine encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-۲. The produced mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate was evaluated in terms of size, morphology, mRNA encapsulation efficiency, apparent pKa, and stability for nucleic acid delivery. Cellular uptake was determined by measuring the percentage of GFP expression, and cytotoxicity was assayed using MTT. The MC۳ formation was confirmed by the NMR spectra and used as a cationic lipid in LNP formulation. The obtained LNPs had positively charged and appropriate particle sizes (~۸۰ nm) to confer proper encapsulation efficiency for mRNA delivery and stability. The LNPs were shown to be effective in the transfection of mRNA transcripts into HEK۲۹۳T cells. A high level (۷۲.۳۴%) of cellular uptake was determined by measuring the percentage of GFP expression. The cytotoxicity assay using MTT showed that both LNP and mRNA-LNP were non-toxic to cells. The data show the potential of the proposed cationic lipid in the formulation of LNP applicable to the mRNA delivery system. The efficiency of mRNA delivery could have been attributed to the safflower-derived cationic lipid.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cationic lipid ، Lipid-based nanoparticles ، Safflower oil ، mRNA vaccine ، SARS-CoV-۲