The Impact of Tobacco Use on the Risk of Gingival Cancer in Individuals with a History of Periodontal Disease

This study aims to investigate the effect of tobacco use on the risk of developing gingival cancer in individuals with a history of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease, a common inflammatory condition affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth, has been linked to an increased risk of various cancers, including gingival cancer. Tobacco use, a known risk factor for many cancers, may further elevate this risk. Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing preventive strategies and improving patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of ۵۰۰ individuals who had a history of periodontal disease. The sample included ۲۸۰ males and ۲۲۰ females, with a mean age of ۵۲.۵ years (ranging from ۳۵ to ۷۰ years). Participants were categorized into two groups based on their tobacco use: ۲۵۰ tobacco users and ۲۵۰ non-users. Data collection involved clinical examinations and detailed questionnaires about smoking habits and other health-related information. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, were performed to assess the relationship between tobacco use and the incidence of gingival cancer. Results: Among the ۵۰۰ participants, ۴۵ cases of gingival cancer were diagnosed. In the group of tobacco users, ۳۵ individuals (۱۴%) were found to have gingival cancer, while in the non-user group, ۱۰ individuals (۴%) were diagnosed with the disease. The incidence of gingival cancer was significantly higher in tobacco users compared to non-users (p<۰.۰۵). Furthermore, the occurrence of gingival cancer was more prevalent among males (۳۰ cases) than females (۱۵ cases), irrespective of their tobacco use status. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest a strong association between tobacco use and an increased risk of gingival cancer in individuals with a history of periodontal disease. Tobacco users are at a significantly higher risk of developing gingival cancer compared to non-users. These results underscore the importance of tobacco cessation programs, especially for individuals with periodontal disease, to reduce the incidence of gingival cancer.

کلیدواژه ها:

Tobacco use ، Gingival cancer ، Periodontal disease ، Risk factors ، Tobacco cessation