A Review of the Expression and Function Changes of sncRNAs in CNS Brain cancer

Cancer has emerged as one of the most significant research areas in recent decades. Central nervous system (CNS) cancers account for approximately ۲ to ۳ percent of all cancers, according to the World Health Organization statistics. Symptoms of this disease include motor disturbances (muscle weakness), sensory issues (neuropathic pain), cognitive impairments (memory problems), and emotional and behavioral disorders (depression). The etiological factors contributing to CNS cancer can be attributed to genetic factors (۵-۱۰%), epigenetic factors (۲۰-۳۰%), and environmental factors (۶۰-۷۰%). Additionally, viral infections and exposure to chemicals are also significant contributors. Among the genetic factors influencing CNS cancer, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role. These RNAs are involved in cardiovascular, immune, and hepatic systems, and they also impact various diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome and diabetes. Although ncRNAs do not code for proteins, they significantly influence gene expression and function. Using data from global databases such as PubMed, Scopus, immune, and hepatic systems, and they also impact various diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome and diabetes. Although ncRNAs do not code for proteins, they significantly influence gene expression and function. Using data from global databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, we focused on studies published from ۲۰۱۵ to the present to investigate the impact of changes in the expression and function of non-coding RNAs in CNS cancers. Methods: in this study, which using advance searches by keywords: cancer, CNS cancers, non-coding RNAs, ncRNAs, sncRNAs, and glioblastoma, reviewed ۲۷ articles. Findings and Conclusion: The results indicate that ncRNAs can act as tumor suppressors or promoters in various types of CNS cancers. It reveals that miR-۱۲۴ acts as a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma by targeting specific genes involved in cellular invasion, thereby preventing tumor progression. Additionally, another suppressive sncRNA named let-۷ is identified to play a role in various cancers. Conversely, miR-۲۱ has been recognized as an oncogenic sncRNA in CNS cancers that facilitates tumor growth and progression by inhibiting tumor suppressors and enhancing the invasive capabilities of cancer cells.

کلیدواژه ها:

cancer ، CNS cancer ، sncRNAs ، ncRNAs ، glioblastoma