Lifestyle Choices and Breast Cancer: The Influence of Diet, Exercise, and Alcohol Consumption on Risk Reduction

Introduction Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women globally, contributing significantly to cancer-related morbidity and mortality. While genetics play a crucial role, lifestyle factors like diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption also considerably affect breast cancer risk. This study aims to examine how these modifiable behaviors can potentially reduce the incidence of breast cancer. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included ۵۰۰ participants, equally divided between ۲۵۰ males and ۲۵۰ females, with an average age of ۴۵. Participants were recruited from urban and rural settings to explore how lifestyle impacts vary across different demographics. Data was collected using structured questionnaires on dietary habits, physical activity levels, and alcohol consumption patterns. Participants aged ۳۰ to ۶۰, without any diagnosed malignancies, were selected to provide robust statistical power to detect significant associations between lifestyle factors and breast cancer risk and to investigate gender differences in lifestyle impacts. Results The study highlighted the significant impact of lifestyle choices on breast cancer risk: • Diet: A high-fat diet increased breast cancer risk by ۲۵%, particularly diets rich in saturated fats and processed foods compared to balanced diets with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. • Exercise: Engaging in at least ۱۵۰ minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per week reduced breast cancer risk by ۳۰%, likely due to hormonal modulation and improved immune function. • Alcohol Consumption: Consuming more than three alcoholic drinks per week increased breast cancer risk by ۲۰%, with alcohol affecting estrogen metabolism and DNA repair mechanisms. Discussion The study provides strong evidence that lifestyle modifications can significantly influence breast cancer risk. The increased risk linked to high-fat diets highlights the need for dietary interventions in cancer prevention. Regular physical activity offers a notable risk reduction, supporting public health messages promoting exercise. Alcohol consumption emerges as a modifiable risk factor, emphasizing the need for guidelines on safe consumption levels. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of adopting a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and moderating alcohol intake to reduce breast cancer risk. These findings support lifestyle-based interventions as an effective approach to cancer prevention. Future research should explore the biological mechanisms linking these behaviors to cancer risk and evaluate targeted public health campaigns. Co-first statement: A.A and M.R contributed Equally.

کلیدواژه ها:

Breast cancer ، lifestyle factors ، physical activity ، cancer prevention ، risk reduction