The new era of immunological treatment, last updated and future consideration of CAR T cell-based drugs

سال انتشار: 1403
محل انتشار: دومین کنگره بین المللی کنسرژنومیکس
کد COI اختصاصی: ICGCS02_139
زبان مقاله: انگلیسی
تعداد مشاهده: 157

نویسندگان

School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran

چکیده

Cancer therapy requires an intelligent method due to the smartness of the cancer cells. Today, the standard treatment does not have promising outcomes in treating relapsed or refractory cancers, so it is required to have a better treatment option in this manner. On the other hand, brilliant progression has happened in cell therapy, especially in the cancer field. One of the promising ways is adoptive cell therapy, which utilizes genetic modified immune cells against cancer cells. In ACT, one of the frontier ways is the chimeric antigen receptor, using a unique structure to create armored-immune cells targeting a particular antigen on the cancer cells. The CAR structure is a genetically manipulated structure that allows the immune cell to recognize targeted antigens and eliminate tumor cells. This technology progressed until it introduced six US Food and Drug Administration approved CAR T cell-based drugs. These drugs act against hematological malignancies appropriately and achieve exciting results, so they have been utilized widely in cell therapy clinics. Among all the immune cells, the T cells are pioneers due to their particular cytotoxicity action against tumor cells; therefore, CAR engineered T cells were introduced for cancer treatment. Until now, six CAR T cell based drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, one China approved, and one India approved. Although the T cells, the CAR structure is utilized on the other immune cells like natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, and macrophage cells. However, these treatment options are in the initial pathway and require more investigations to enter the clinic utilization. These cells have various advantages and disadvantages versus CAR T cells. Still, future surveys can help more cognition and introduce novel options in ACT with other immune cells. The first FDA approved CAR T cell drugs returned in ۲۰۱۷, so this treatment manner is relatively novel, and the investigation continues. Still, the recently published results indicate an exciting therapy efficacy in the various relapsed or refractory lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Methods We review the last investigations and articles in this manner and introduced the last updated results in the CAR T cell based Drugs. This introduction helps the researcher and clinicians to acknowledgment with this technology and focus on them as a pioneer novel caner genomics treatment. Results In this presentation, we introduce all CAR T cells approved drugs based on their last data and investigate them from all aspects of pharmacology, side effects, and compressional. Also, the efficacy of drugs, pre and post treatment steps, and expected side effects are introduced, and the challenges and new solutions in CAR T cell therapy are in the last speech. Conclusion The CAR T cells based drugs had a significant result in the hematological malignancies treatment. The progress in these drugs is very fast, but future investigation must be attended to the reduce side effects, cost, and combination therapies.

کلیدواژه ها

Adoptive cell therapy , CAR T-based approved drugs, Hematological malignancy, Clinical setting, Pharmacology

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