Phytochemical Analysis of Loranthus europaeus Fruit Using FTIR, HS-SPME, and HPLC Methods, and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Loranthus europaeus Against Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Objective: As the use of antibiotics continues to rise and resistance to them becomes more widespread, there has been a growing interest in natural treatments that may offer lower resistance and fewer side effects. Methods: This study focused on analyzing the essential oil of Loranthus europaeus Jacq. fruit using various methods, including HS-SPME, GC-MS, FTIR, and HPLC. The antimicrobial effects of the fruit extract were tested against common bacterial pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The fruits of L. europaeus were gathered from the mountains of Ilam, dried, and then used to prepare both essential oil and hydroalcoholic extracts. The chemical composition of these extracts was analyzed through Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results: The compound phytol was found to make up ۱۶.۲۵% of the hydroalcoholic extract. The IR spectrum revealed ۲۷ distinct bands, indicating the presence of various chemical compounds with different stretching and bending vibrations. HPLC results identified rutin as the main compound in the hydroalcoholic extract, with a concentration of ۲۲۳ μg/mL. In terms of antimicrobial activity, the extract exhibited an MIC of ۲۰.۶۲ μg/mL and an MBC of ۳۳۰ μg/mL, though its effectiveness was lower compared to standard antibiotics like gentamicin and colistin. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that L. europaeus contains a variety of chemical compounds that may have antimicrobial properties. While the antimicrobial activity of the extract was less potent than that of conventional antibiotics, it still shows promise as a natural alternative for combating bacterial infections. These results could pave the way for further research on the potential therapeutic use of medicinal plants in treating bacterial diseases.

کلیدواژه ها:

Antibacterial ، Phytochemistry ، GC-SPME ، HPLC ، Rutin ، Loranthus europaeus Jacq