The Rising Challenge of Dengue Fever in ۲۰۲۴: Epidemiology, Advances, and Future Directions

Dengue fever remains a critical global health issue, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, exacerbated by climate change and urbanization. The year ۲۰۲۴ has seen a dramatic rise in dengue cases worldwide, with Latin America reporting over ۹.۷ million cases by mid-year. Brazil has experienced a particularly severe outbreak, compounded by urban growth and inadequate sanitation infrastructure. The United States, especially Puerto Rico, has also seen significant increases in cases. The World Health Organization (WHO) has responded by establishing a comprehensive global dengue surveillance system, although distinguishing dengue from other similar arboviruses remains a challenge.In vaccine development, a new WHO-prequalified dengue vaccine offers promise, with a high-efficacy single-dose vaccine undergoing trials in Brazil. However, logistical challenges and the complex nature of dengue's serotypes complicate vaccine deployment. Currently, no specific antiviral treatment exists, and supportive care remains the primary management strategy. Research is ongoing to develop targeted antivirals by understanding dengue virus replication and pathogenesis.Effective mosquito control remains crucial, employing environmental management, insecticides, and innovative approaches like genetically modified mosquitoes. Brazil’s use of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes has shown preliminary success in reducing dengue incidence. Public awareness and community engagement are essential for the success of these initiatives.Future efforts must enhance surveillance systems, develop long-lasting vaccines, advance antiviral research, and address the environmental and social determinants of dengue transmission. By integrating these strategies, leveraging scientific advancements, and fostering internationalcooperation, the global community can make significant strides in mitigating the impact of dengue fever.

کلیدواژه ها:

Dengue fever ، Epidemiology ، Vaccine development ، Mosquito control ، Public health strategies