Analyzing And Diagnosing The Basis Of Heredity Chromosome And Checking The Somatic Cell Life Cycle

Humans are made up of cells like any other creature. We are all just one cell at conception. As a single cell divides, all genes are copied so that each new cell has a complete set of genetic material: the genome. The genome is made of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, and is organized into chromosomes that contain genes. In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packed in a coil-like structure called a chromosome. Each chromosome is made of DNA that is tightly wrapped several times around a protein called histone to support its structure. When the cell is not dividing, chromosomes cannot be seen in the nucleus of cells - even under a microscope. However, the DNA that makes up the chromosomes is compressed more tightly when the cell divides and is therefore visible under the microscope. Most of what researchers know about chromosomes has been learned by observing them as cells divide. Each chromosome has a compact point in its middle, which is known as the centromere, and it divides the chromosome into two parts or two arms. The short arm of the chromosome is called the P arm. The long arm of the chromosome is called q arm. The position of the centromere on each chromosome gives it a specific shape and can be used to describe the location of specific genes.

کلیدواژه ها:

chromosome ، inheritance ، DNA ، somatic cell ، gene