Understanding the Activity of BMPR۱B within the BMP/SMAD Pathway in Sheep

BMPR۱B gene is a significant component in the BMP/SMAD signaling pathway, holdingimportance in numerous biological functions, especially reproductive processes. In sheep, BMPR۱Bhas been identified as a key gene affecting litter size, influencing prolificacy and fertility [۱]. This gene'sactivity within the BMP/SMAD pathway plays a critical role in regulating essential processes likeovarian follicular development, ovulation, and embryonic growth [۲-۳]. To investigate this, a study wasconducted using network construct to explore the impact of BMPR۱B activity and the BMP/SMADpathway. The research aimed to comprehend the genetic factors influencing litter size in sheep and theirimplications for breeding and production. The result revealed that BMP ligands bind to BMPR۱B,leading to receptor dimerization and activation. Upon ligand binding, BMPR۱B forms aheterotetrameric complex with BMPR۲, leading to phosphorylation and activation. This activatedBMPR۱B then phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), predominantly SMAD۱,SMAD۵, and SMAD۸.These phosphorylated R-SMADs create complexes with SMAD۴ (co-SMAD),which subsequently translocate into the nucleus, acting as transcription factors. They regulate genetranscription by binding to specific DNA sequences and interacting with other transcriptional regulators.The activity of BMPR۱B and the BMP/SMAD signaling is under stringent regulation by extracellularantagonists, intracellular inhibitors, and feedback mechanisms. Understanding the impact of BMPR۱Bactivity on the BMP/SMAD pathway offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms governingfertility traits, specifically litter size, in sheep. The findings also illuminate the intricate interactionswithin the BMP/SMAD pathway and their role in regulating litter size, providing crucial informationfor the sheep farming industry.

کلیدواژه ها:

BMPR۱B gene ، BMP/SMAD pathway ، Pathway Analysis ، Ovine Reproduction