Analyzing the Fallacies of Rational Psychology from Kant's Point of View

Knowledge of the soul and its characteristics is one of the issues that many philosophers have dis-cussed at the top of their topics. However, due to the difficulty of this topic, they have faced deep challenges in this field in such a way that they have presented different views with different arguments. Among these views, rational psychology can be considered. According to this theory, the soul is known as a comprehensive substance with a personality that has a distinct nature from the body. Mutually, some philosophers like Kant have opposed this view; He has considered the rationalists to be caught in transcendental fallacies about rational psychology, which rationalists have never noticed the fallacies of psychology due to the absolutism of the power of reason. Analyzing the fallacies of rational psychology based on Kant's point of view and examining Kant's reasons for the occurrence of these fallacies and his solutions in this field can open many doors when facing questions related to psychology. This research has been done by the descriptive-analytical method, and first examines the soul from Kant's point of view. Then it analyzes the fallacies of rational psychology, and Kant's argument on these fallacies is raised and analyzed. Finally, it ends by presenting a comprehensive and analytical conclusion about the fallacies of rational psychology based on Kant's philosophy. Kant considers the arguments of rationalists on the characteristics of the soul as mere fallacies originating from human reason, most of which have logical errors such as intermediate errors or incorrect conclusions that the reason has justified based on its nature.

کلیدواژه ها:

fallacy ، rational psychology ، Kant ، rationalists ، essentialization