Suppression of TGF-β/Smad۳ signaling pathway by Capparis spinosa and quercetin in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Objective(s): Liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), pose significant global public health challenges. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of quercetin (QC), Capparis spinosa (CS), a QC and CS combination, and Saroglitazar (SARO) on NASH in a Wistar rat model.Materials and Methods: NASH was induced by a ۴۲-day high-fat diet regimen in male Wistar rats. Post-induction, rats were divided into five groups receiving SARO, QC, CS, and CS+QC combination. We monitored changes in liver and body weights and evaluated the expression of genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis (e.g., ACC and FAS), β-oxidation (e.g., CPT۱, PPAR α), inflammation (e.g., TNF-α and IL-۶), and fibrosis (e.g., TGF-β and COL۱A), as well as protein expression levels of p-Smad۲/۳ and p-Smad۳.Results: Treatment with QC+CS significantly decreased liver weight, body mass gain, and liver triglyceride (TG) compared to other treatments. The QC and CS combined therapy also resulted in a greater normalization of hepatic enzymatic activities, including decreases in ALT and AST levels, coupled with improvements in lipid profile indicated by decreased LDL-C and increased HDL-C concentrations, as compared to SARO and QC alone. Furthermore, this combined treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-۶ genes, and Smad۲/۳ and Smad۳ protein levels. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that an interactive effect between QC and CS can effectively reduce liver fibrosis and steatosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad۳ signaling pathway in a diet-induced model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in rats.

کلیدواژه ها:

Capparis spinosa ، NAFLD/NASH ، Quercetin ، Saroglitazar ، TGF-β/Smad۳