Effects of Caspian Sea water level fluctuations on existing drains

This study is an attempt to develop an integrated methodology to predict the impact of the Caspian Sea on flooding using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and hydrodynamic modeling. A rise in the sea level might lead to major flooding events, and have a severe impact on the spatial development of cities and regions. The feasibility of simulating a flood event along a drain channel is evaluated near residential development areas along the Chapakroud drain. The results of the study show that about ۲ km of the drain embankments would be influenced by changes in sea water levels. For elevations of -۲۳ m and -۲۴ m, the maximum depths of water in the drain are ۳.۹۵ m and ۲.۹۴ m. The tail of the backwater reaches ۳۴۶۵ m and ۲۳۹۰ m, respectively, leading to flooded areas of ۳۵.۹۷ ha and ۱۲.۸۸ ha. The study shows that at these elevations environmental and social problems arise with regards to the drain. The results also indicate that GIS is an effective tool for floodplain visualization and analysis. It should be noted that the mixture of salt and soft water, as a result of rising sea water level, is a problem that was not investigated in this study and should be examined in the future.   REFERENCES  Church, J.A. et al. (۲۰۰۱) Changes in Sea Level.Climate Change. The Scientific Basis, Contribution of Working Group ۱ to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Houghton Tech, ۸۸۱ p. Chuan, T. and Jing, Z. (۲۰۰۶) Torrent risk zonation in the UpstreamRedriverBasin based on GIS, (J. Geogr). Sci. ۱۶: ۴۷۹- ۴۸۶. Earles, TA. et al. (۲۰۰۴) Los alamos forest fire impact modeling. J. Am. Water. Resour. Assoc. (JAWRA) (DOI: ۱۰.۱۱۱۱/j.۱۷۵۲- ۱۶۸۸. ۲۰۰۴.tb۰۱۰۳۶.x.). ۴۰: ۳۷۱-۳۸۴. Hatipoglu, A. and Keskin, F. (۲۰۰۷) Floodplain delineation, Mugla-Dalaman Plan Using GIS Based River Analysis System.State Hydraulic Works. Practices on River Basin Management, ۱۱ p. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (۲۰۰۰) User Manual of HEC-RAS.Hydrologic Engineering Center, ۷۴۷ p.  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center. (۱۹۹۷) HEC-RAS river Analysis System: Hydraulic Reference Manual. Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, ۲۴۰ p. Malkin, Ch. (۲۰۰۹) Climate Change and Rising Sea Levels.A Geographic Information Systems Analysis of the Potential Impact on Railroad Corridors in New Castle County, Delaware. REUProgram. Disaster Research Center University Transportation Center, ۱۵ p. Mazandaran Regional Water Company (MRWC). (۲۰۰۷) Reports of Complementary Studies Related to the First Phase of Alborz Dam are I&D System, ۳۹۷ p. MahabGhodss Consulting Engineers (MGCE)(۲۰۰۷) Midterm Report of Alborz Dam Project, ۱۰ p. Noman,NS. and Nelson, EJ. (۲۰۰۳) Improved process for floodplain delineation from digital terrain models. J. Water Res. ۱۲۹: ۴۲۷-۴۳۶. Suareza, P. et al. (۲۰۰۵) Impacts of Flooding and Climate Change on Urban Transportation. A System wide Performance Assessment of the Boston Metro Area. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment ۱۰: ۲۳۱-۲۴۴. Walker, WS. AndMaidment, DR. (۲۰۰۶) Geodatabase Design for FEMA Flood Hazard Studies, CRWR Online Report ۰۶-۱۰, Center for Research in Water Resources, University of Texas at Austin, ۱۹۷ p. Yang, j.R.D. et al. (۲۰۰۶) Appling the HECRAS Model and GIS Techniques in River Network Floodplain Delineation.Can. J. Civ. Eng., ۳۳: ۱۹-۲۹.

کلیدواژه ها:

Flood Delineation ، Flood hazard Area ، HEC ، RAS ، River Hydraulics