Lab Scale Studies on Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Marts Solms) for Biotreatment of Textile Wastewater

Textile wastewater contains substantial pollution loads in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and heavy metals. Phytoremediation used for removing heavy metals and other pollutants by aquatic macrophytes treatment systems (AMATS) is well established environmental protective technique. A lab scale study was conducted to test the feasibility of water hyacinth for treating textile wastewater. The pH was reduced from alkaline to nearly neutral in all cases studied with the introduction of water hyacinth. The maximum reduction in the conductivity was ۵۵.۷۱% while the BOD and COD reduction ranged from ۴۰ to ۷۰%. A great deal of reduction in the total solids was noted in all the waste samples with a maximum reduction of ۵۰.۶۴%. Water hyacinth has tremendous potential to absorb heavy metals from the textile wastewater as it resulted in ۹۴.۷۸% reduction of chromium, ۹۶.۸۸ % in zinc and ۹۴.۴۴ % reduction in copper. ANOVA showed a significant (p<۰.۰۵) reduction in all the pollutants with the passage of time. Thus water hyacinth can be an efficient biological agent in reducing the pollution loads in textile industry wastewater   REFERENCES Ali, M. M. and Soltan, M. E. (۱۹۹۹) Heavy metals in aquatic macrophytes, water and hydrosoils from the river Nile, Egypt. J. Union Arab Biol. ۹, ۹۹- ۱۱۵. Bates R. P. and Hentges J. F. (۱۹۷۶) Aquatic weeds- Eradicate or Cultivate. Econ. Bot., ۳۰, ۳۹- ۵۰. Brix, H. and Schierup, H. (۱۹۸۹) The use of aquatic Macrophytes in water pollution control. Ambio, ۱۸ , ۱۰۰- ۱۰۷. Dinges, R. (۱۹۷۶) Water hyacinth culture for wastewater treatment. Texas department of Health Resources, Austin, Texas, USA. Hammer, D. A. (۱۹۹۲) Designing constructed wetlands systems to treat agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Ecol. Eng. ۱, ۴۹– ۸۲. Ingole N. W. and Bhole A. G. (۲۰۰۳) Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), J Water SRT – Aqua, ۵۲, ۱۱۹- ۱۲۸ Eaton, A. D. (۱۹۹۵) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, ۱۹th Edition American Public Health Association USA, pp. ۶-۹۰. Kojima T. (۱۹۸۶) Generation of methane gas from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Production of methane gas from combination of water hyacinth and fowl droppings. Bulletin of the Faculty of agriculture, Saga University, Japan. ۶۱, ۱-۸.  Kumar, P. and Garde, R. J. (۱۹۸۹) Potentials of water hyacinth for sewage treatment. ۸۸ Biotreatment of Textile Wastewater Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, ۶۱, ۱۷۰۲- ۱۷۰۶. Mahmood Q., Ping, Z., Siddiqi M. R., Islam E. M. Rashid and Hayat, Y. (۲۰۰۵). Anatomical studies on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms) under the influence of textile wastewater, J. Zhejiang Univ Sci. ۲۰۰۵ ۶, ۹۹۱- ۹۹۸ Mandi, L. (۱۹۹۴) Marrakesh wastewater purification experiment using vascular aquatic plants Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna gibba. Water, Science & Technology, ۲۹, ۲۸۳- ۲۸۷. Middlebrooks, E. J. (۱۹۹۵) Upgrading pond effluents: An overview. Water, Science & Technology, ۳۱, ۳۵۳-۳۶۸. Reddy, K.R. (۱۹۸۱) Doil variations in physiochemical parameters of water in selected aquatic systems. Hydrobiologia, ۸۵, ۲۰۱-۲۰۷ Reddy, K.R. (۱۹۸۳) Fate of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater retention reservoir containing aquatic macrophytes. J. Environ. Qual. ۱۲, ۱۳۷- ۱۴۱. Soltan, M .E. and Rashed, M. N (۲۰۰۳) Laboratory study on the survival of water hyacinth under several conditions of heavy metal concentrations, Adv. Environ Res., ۷, ۸۲- ۹۱. Sooknah, R. D. and Wilkie, A. C. (۲۰۰۴). Nutrient removal by floating aquatic macrophytes cultured in anaerobically digested flushed dairy manure wastewater, Ecological Engineering ۲۲, ۲۷– ۴۲ Trivedy, R. K. and Gudekar, V. R. (۱۹۸۵) Water hyacinth for wastewater treatment. A review of the progress. Environmental Publications, Karad, India., ۱۱۰- ۱۴۵ Tripathi, B. D. and Shukla, S. C. (۱۹۹۱) Biological treatment of wastewater by selected aquatic plants, Environmental Pollution, ۶۹, ۶۹- ۷۸. Tchobanoglous, G., Maitski, F., Thompson, K. and Chadwick, T. H. (۱۹۸۹) Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, ۶۱, ۱۶۲۵- ۱۶۳۵. Vesk, P. A., Nockold, C. E. and Aaway, W. G. (۱۹۹۹) Metal localization in water hyacinth roots from an urban wetland, Plant Cell Environ, ۲۲, ۱۴۹- ۱۵۸. Wolverton, B. C. and McDonald, R. C. (۱۹۷۹) The water hyacinth: From prolific pest to potential provider, Ambio, ۸, ۱- ۱۲. WHO (۱۹۸۴) Guidelines for drinking Water Quality. Volume ۳, Water Quality Control in Small-Community Supplies, World Health Organization, Geneva. Yahya M.N. (۱۹۹۰) The absorption of metal ions by Eichhornia crassipes, Chem. Speciation Bioavailability, ۲, ۸۲- ۹۱.  Zhenbim, W., Yicheng, X., Jiaqi, D., Qijun, Z and Xitao, C. (۱۹۹۳) Studies on wastewater treatment by means of integrated biological pond system: design and function of macrophytes. Water Science and Technology, ۲۷, ۹۷- ۱۰۵.

کلیدواژه ها:

AMATS ، Biological wastewater treatment ، Biotreatment ، textile wastewater ، water hyacinth