The effectiveness of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of type ۲ diabetes (T۲DM); Asystematic review

Introduction: Type ۲ (T۲DM), one of the fastest growing metabolic diseases, is characterized by disordersincluding hyperglycemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance (IR). In recent years, T۲DM has become thefastest growing metabolic disease in the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use ofprobiotics،their effect on microbiota and key biomarkers as a strategy for the development of T۲DM as well asthe use of probiotics to improve this chronic disease.Methods: In a systematic review study conducted in ۲۰۲۳, all published articles from ۲۰۱۸ to ۲۰۲۳ wereconsidered, with an advanced search keywords and of MeShterms in Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, Medlineand Google Scholar search engines with inclusion criteria(studies in English only) ,only human studies,onlyRCT studies,without restriction of access to the full text) Finally, among the ۱۳۰ studies reviewed in three stagesby first reading the title, then the abstract, and finally the full text,based on the Prism guidelines,also to ensurethe completeness of the search results,The sources of the articles were reviewed. Finally,۱۰ studies wereincluded in the research.Results: After taking probiotics, improvement of T۲DM symptoms was usually observed, such as improvementof gut integrity, systemic reduction of LPS levels, reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and improvementof peripheral insulin sensitivity. Some studies showed that T۲DM can be improved by reducing LPS in theblood. Such as reducing plasma lipids and pro-inflammatory genes TNF-α), IL-۶-, (IL-β and increasing theproduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Also, consumption of probiotics reduces glucose, insulin, HOMAIR,triglyceride, total cholesterol, CRP, IL-۶, TNF-α, resistin and a significant increase in adiponectin. Moststudies indicated a significant decrease in HOMA-IR and HbA۱c. In addition, some studies have shown that amixture of different probiotic strains has a better and wider effect on human health.Conclusion: Studies show that the composition of gut microbiota is essential to understand the mechanismsinvolved in the pathology of T۲DM. Compared to different methods to control T۲DM, the use of probiotics ispromising because of the improvement of parameters related to T۲DM. However, more studies with a highersample size are needed to more accurately understand the relationship between gut microbiota, probiotics andT۲DM.

کلیدواژه ها:

T۲DM ، Probiotics ، Gut microbiota ، Type ۲ diabetes mellitus ، Randomized Controlled Trial