Application of microbial toxins to model neuroinflammatory diseases in animals

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESModeling diseases in laboratory animals is considered one of the important stages of research in the development of new therapeutic solutions. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a bacterial typic endotoxin, is widely used to establish neuroinflammatory animal models associated with neurodegeneration (e.g., Alzheimer disease:”AD”). The completion of studies on neurodegenerative diseases requires the creation of animal and cellular models of these diseases. LPS could apply for a long time with different methods, doses and types for this purpose.MATERIALS AND METHODSRoute of LPS administration include intracerebroventricular (ICV), intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenously (IV). Some of these methods are performed with simple injections, while others are performed with surgery and the use of specialized devices such as stereotaxic setups.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONIt is important to understand mechanistic details of neuroinflammation formation because studies showed gut microbiota communicates with the central nervous system (CNS) via called gut-brain axis. As far LPS consider as one of major risk factors for sporadic AD development, investigation on gut microbiota and local/systemic presence of LPS to form neuroinflammation is become more important nowadays. A very important point in creating a model of neuroinflammation in a laboratory animal is that all types of commercial and extracted endotoxins can have different effects on the duration of its development and durability.CONCLUSIONDifferent route of LPS administration to induce neuroinflammation, dose dependent treatment of animals with LPS, Type and age of animal, the solvent used in injections, the purity of LPS and even the origin of LPS used can be effective in the type of neuroinflammation model created and its durability. Using LPS is found more affordable strategy and easier method rather than conventional methods of neuroinflammation modeling in animals like using beta-amyloid (Aβ).

کلیدواژه ها:

Bacterial endotoxin ، Lipopolysaccharide