The role of microbiota in health and disease

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESMaintaining physical and mental health has always been a major challenge in medicine since genetics, environmental factors, mobility, and chronic diseases have altered human health. In addition to understanding how the microbiota changes over a person's lifetime, understanding how it affects health and disease is also crucial. Heart disease, obesity, diabetes, mental disorders, neurological disorders and kidney disease are all affected by the gut microbiota.MATERIALS AND METHODSToday's lifestyle is characterized by inactivity, high-calorie foods, and excessive antibiotic use, all of which are closely related to the gut microbiome, suggesting that intestinal microbiota play an important role in chronic disease. gut microbiota is dominated by (Firmycotes and Bacteroides) ۸۰%, actinobacteria less than ۱۰%, and proteobacteria less than ۱%. A bacterial LPS response induces inflammation and stimulates immune cell infiltration. The breakdown of fat-laden foods produces TMAO metabolites that increase cholesterol levels and case carduvascular disease. This mechanism of communication between gut microbiota and liver, brain, and adipose tissue regulates fatty synthesis. In addition, SCFAs inhibit lipolysis by activating GPR۴۳ and GPR۴۱ receptors and contribute to fat accumulation in fatty cells by promoting insulin-mediated fat accumulation. With quantitative real-time PCR, it is possible to evaluate gut microbiome composition at low cost. Other methods for determining the sequence and targeting the V۴-V۵ region of the ۱۶S rRNA gene.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe consumption of high calories foods, fats or proteins can alter the gut microbiome, resulting in harmful metabolites being produced and disease developing. By consuming fiber, fruits and vegetables, the microbiome changes to reduce harmful metabolites. It is imperative that intestinal homeostasis and dysbiosis are maintained by beneficial intestinal bacteria, such as those that produce short-chain fatty acids or endotoxins.CONCLUSIONIn today's world, the microbiota plays an important role in the prevention, care, and treatment of diseases. We hope that with more research in this area, chronic diseases will be reduced.

کلیدواژه ها:

Gut Microbiota ، Dysbiosis ، Microbiome ، Intestinal Microbiota