Bacterial microflora of ruminants

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESThe microbial flora of the digestive system of ruminants includes microorganisms that have different enzymes to break down different plant polymers. In the rumen of ruminants, the microbial flora includes different groups:cellulolytic, lipolytic, pectinolytic ,and amylolytic. The purpose of this article was to review articles written about ruminant microflora .MATERIALS AND METHODSIn order to write and collect the contents of this study, various articles published in various prestigious magazines with similar positions have been used.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONRuminants are herbivores that consume plant fiber as their main food source, but they do not have enzymes to digest it, ruminants have found a symbiotic relationship with microorganisms that have plant fiber-degrading enzymes. In the rumen of ruminants, the microbial flora includes different groups: a cellulolytic group such as Ruminococcus albus, lipolytic and pectinolytic groups such as Treponema,a proteolytic group such as Perivotella, an amylolytic group such as Streptococcus bovis and, an ureolytic group such as Megasphaera elsednii. Sometimes there is a disturbance in the uniformity of the microbial flora and it can cause complications such as bloating, rumen acidosis, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract (GI).The mentioned bacteria each play a role in breaking down different macromolecules. Therefore, the act of fermentation in the rumen of ruminants is also an example of their main tasks. In addition, it has been reported in many cases that microbial flora plays a significant role in increasing the quantity and quality of livestock products, including milk and meat. Also, some researchers are of the opinion that the fermentation of these microbes can prevent the growth of other harmful microbes.CONCLUSIONAccording to the contents mentioned, the multiple roles of the microbial flora are quite evident, but sometimes these roles can be distorted due to various reasons, such as excessive nutrition and other secondary pollutions, and depending on the type of microbes, various complications can occur. Despite the various complications that may be caused by microbial flora, their practical roles in the digestive system are much more than their side effects.

کلیدواژه ها:

Microflora ، Ruminants ، Rumen