Low-grade chalcopyrite copper ore processing with hybrid bioleaching

This article reviews the use of hybrid bioleaching with chloride NaCl and sulfuric media to improve the extraction of copper from low-grade chalcopyrite ores. Chalcopyrite is the most abundant copper mineral but is difficult to extract using conventional hydrometallurgical processes due to slow kinetics and low metal recovery. Bioleaching using microorganisms is suggested as a more sustainable method for chalcopyrite processing. This article summarizes findings from various studies on the effects of adding sodium chloride to chalcopyrite bioleaching systems. Key results show that NaCl can accelerate chalcopyrite dissolution by reducing elemental sulfur layers, increasing surface area and porosity, and improving overall leaching efficiency. Optimal NaCl concentrations range from ۱۵ g/L to ۱۲۰ mM depending on the study. However, high NaCl can also negatively impact microbial growth and activity. The mechanisms behind the interaction of NaCl and microorganisms during bioleaching require further research. Overall, this review highlights the potential of using hybrid NaCl-bioleaching systems to improve copper extraction from refractory low-grade chalcopyrite ores in a more sustainable manner.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, this review highlights the potential of using hybrid bioleaching systems with the addition of sodium chloride for improved processing of low-grade, refractory chalcopyrite copper ores. Chalcopyrite is the most abundant copper mineral but presents challenges for extraction using conventional hydrometallurgical methods. Bioleaching with acidophilic microorganisms provides a more sustainable alternative, but chalcopyrite dissolution is hindered by the formation of elemental sulfur layers on mineral surfaces. Multiple studies demonstrate that adding NaCl at optimal concentrations between ۱۵-۱۲۰ mM can effectively increase chalcopyrite dissolution rates and copper recovery by reducing passivating sulfur layers, increasing surface area and porosity, and preventing iron hydrolysis. However, high NaCl levels can also inhibit microbial growth and activity. The interaction mechanisms between NaCl and microorganisms during bioleaching are complex and require further elucidation. Overall, this review shows that hybrid NaCl-bioleaching systems have significant promise for improving the extraction efficiency and economics of processing low-grade, complex copper ores in an eco-friendly manner. More research is still needed to optimize NaCl concentrations for maximum copper yields while maintaining active microbial communities. As global demand for copper rises, hybrid bioleaching presents an innovative and sustainable solution for exploiting low-grade ores that would otherwise be uneconomical to process using conventional methods.

کلیدواژه ها:

Chalcopyrite ، Bioleaching ، Sodium chloride ، Copper extraction ، Hybrid process