Anti-inflammatory Activity of Caspian Cobra (Naja naja oxiana) Snake Venom on the Serum Level of Interleukin-۲۷ and Histopathological Changes in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-induced Mice

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a chronic disease of the central nervous system, with a strong neurodegenerative component. The exact mechanism of MS is not clear. However, the therapeutic strategies for controlling MS are based on immune modulation and inflammation control. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of snake venom on the suppression of the immune system after the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. For this purpose, C۵۷BL/۶ female mice, divided into three groups, were selected to be induced by EAE. Groups ۲ and ۳ received flank injection with the emulsion of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG ۳۵-۵۵), as well as complete Freund adjuvant, followed by the administration of pertussis toxin. Furthermore, the treatment group, as an immune-modulator, received cobra venom (CV) after EAE induction. The mice were then evaluated daily based on clinical symptoms, weight changes (within ۲۶ days), histopathological analysis, and serum levels of interleukin ۲۷ (IL-۲۷) for neurological motor deficits. The clinical signs of MOG-EAE in C۵۷BL/۶ mice began ۹-۱۴ days post-immunization. Histopathological results also revealed that CV-treated EAE mice, compared to the untreated EAE group, witnessed a significant reduction in the intensity of inflammatory cells in parenchymal sections. Furthermore, the increase of IL-۲۷ levels was significant in the CV-treated group (P=۰.۰۰۱), compared with those in the EAE and control groups. Based on results obtained in the present study, it may be concluded that Naja naja oxiana snake venom is a potential immunomodulatory agent that can be effective in the treatment of MS.

کلیدواژه ها:

Multiple sclerosis ، eae ، MOG ۳۵-۵۵ ، Cobra venom ، Interleukin-۲۷