Differential Cytotoxicity of the Fruit and the Leaf Extracts of Sambucus ebulus (L.) on MCF۷ and AGS Cell Lines

Background: Breast and stomach cancers are the most common malignancies in Iranian females and males, respectively. Enriching with phytochemicals that have antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, extracts from dwarf elders (Sambucus ebulus L.) hold promises to be used for alternative medication.Materials and Methods: We investigated the cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities of the leaf and the fruit ethyl-acetate (EA), as well as the methanolic (MeOH) extracts of dwarf elder upon treatment of the MCF-۷ and AGS cells. Twenty-seven concentration series ranging from ۱۰ to ۲۰۰۰ μg/mL were administered to the cells, and their growth inhibitory potential was assessed using an MTT assay. The extracts' potential anticancer compounds were quantified by applying improved high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: All extracts showed positive dose-dependent cytotoxic activities on both cell lines. The EA extracts exhibited more cytotoxicity compared to those of the MeOH ones (P<۰.۰۰۰۱). The leaf EA extract demonstrated IC۵۰ values of ۶۵ and ۵۰ μg/mL, while those of the fruit were estimated as ۵۸ and ۵۰ μg/mL on the MCF-۷ and AGS cells, respectively. The AGS cell line displayed more susceptibility to all extracts tested compared to the MCF-۷. MeOH extracts caused only a maximum of ~۲۰% reduction in cell viability at ۲۰۰۰ μg/mL concentration. According to the HPLC analysis, leaf extracts included phenolic compounds, including p- coumaric acid (۰.۱۰ mg per g powder), rutin (۰.۰۷ mg per g powder), and quercetin (۰.۰۲ mg per g powder).Conclusions: EA extract of the fruit illustrates the highest cytotoxicity: reducing ۳۵.۳% viability of the AGS cells with ۱۰ μg/mL concentration. It can be considered a potential chemopreventive agent for cancer therapies. However, MeOH extracts with far low cytotoxicity or non-cytotoxic at some concentrations would be an appropriate candidate for preventing tumor growth without affecting neighboring normal cells

کلیدواژه ها:

Sambucus Ebulus ، MTT test ، Gastric cancer ، Breast cancer