Total Insights on Goiter in Children: A Mini-review
محل انتشار: مجله پزشکی کودکان، دوره: 10، شماره: 2
سال انتشار: 1401
نوع سند: مقاله ژورنالی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 50
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شناسه ملی سند علمی:
JR_JPRE-10-2_007
تاریخ نمایه سازی: 9 آذر 1402
چکیده مقاله:
Background: Thyroid disorder is one of the main endocrine problems in childhood. In children with thyroid disorders, goiter is common.
Objectives: In this mini-review, the authors aimed to present total insights on goiter in children.
Methods: This is a mini-review about total insights on goiter in children. This review included articles assessing goiter in children. Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were investigated to find appropriate articles regarding goiter in children from ۱۹۸۸ to ۲۰۲۱. The keywords were thyroid, goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid nodule. The authors included all study types assessing the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of goiter in childhood.
Results: Through taking the medical history and performing a physical examination, clinicians can differentiate types of goiter, including diffuse or nodular toxic or non-toxic, which can present themselves in euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid states. When taking a medical history, clinicians have to ask patients about their food intake, place of residence, and nutrient deficiencies to abstain from goitrogens. Diverse treatment methods are required for goiter in euthyroidism, hypophyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. In patients with euthyroidism, whenever there is iodine deficiency, a history of irradiation to the neck, or Hashimoto’s disease, suppressive therapy is needed. Both clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism need levothyroxine. Besides, in hyperthyroidism, antithyroid drugs, iodine therapy, or surgery are needed. Both clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism need levothyroxine.
Conclusions: In hyperthyroidism, antithyroid drugs, iodine therapy, or surgery are needed. Based on the importance of managing goiter in children, clinicians have to consider food intake, vitamin deficiency, and iodine status in these patients.
کلیدواژه ها:
نویسندگان
Setila Dalili
Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Daniel Zamanfar
Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad
Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Saber Najafi Chakoosari
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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