CRISPR/Cas۹ as a Promising Gene-EditingTool for Breast Cancer Treatment: A Review of RecentStudies

Introduction: Breast cancer represents a highly heterogeneous family of neoplastic disorders with substantial interpatient variationsin genetic mutations, cell composition, transcriptionalprofiles, and response to treatment. Therefore, there is an increasingdemand for alternative diagnostic approaches aimed atmolecularly annotating the disease on a personalized basis anddeveloping customized treatment strategies. The clustered regularlyinterspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associatedprotein-۹ (Cas۹), a novel RNA domain-containing endonuclease-based genome engineering technology, has been provento be a powerful technique in treating breast cancer cells dueto its multifunctional features, including high specificity, precision,time efficiency, and cost-effectiveness with minimumoff-target effects. This review investigates recent studies on thenewly developed genome-editing strategy, CRISPR/Cas۹, as agene-editing tool and its potential transformative role in a widerange of biological domains, including human cancer researchand gene therapy.Materials and Methods: This review article was conductedby searching "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" using variouscombinations of terms, including "CRISPR/Cas۹," "genomeediting," "off-target," and "viral delivery." A total of ۱۲۲ articleswere obtained, and after removing repetitive and reviewingabstracts, ۲۰ articles were selected and reviewed in full text.Results: Based on the accumulated data, we determined thatCRISPR/Cas۹ can effectively inhibit breast tumor cell growthby targeting oncogenes, tumor-suppressive genes, genes associatedwith therapies by inhibitors, and genes associated withchemotherapeutic drug resistance. CRISPR/Cas۹ can potentiallybe a therapeutic target for inhibiting tumor cell growth bysuppressing cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and inducingapoptosis during malignancy treatment in the near future.Conclusion: In Conclusion: , CRISPR/Cas۹ is a groundbreakingtechnology that holds tremendous therapeutic potential forexpanding our anticancer approaches, albeit with some concerns.It is hopeful that CRISPR-Cas۹-based gene editing therapywill usher in a new era in the field of cancer biology. In thisreview, we highlight the most advanced CRISPR/Cas۹-basedapproaches to tackle the challenges associated with breast cancercells, paving the way for a new era in the field of cancerbiology.

کلیدواژه ها:

CRISPR/Cas۹ ، genome editing ، off-target ، viral delivery ، breast cancer