Fabrication of Polyether Sulfone / Kappa-carrageenan Composite Membranes to Remove Tetracycline from the Aqueous Medium and Improve their Performance by Adding Ionic Liquids

Today, industries and industrial plants are the largest consumers of water, which in turn produce large volumes of wastewater. Industrial wastewater, in other words, is a by-product of manufacturing plants.. In this research, membrane filtration method for industrial wastewater treatment has been used to treat wastewater containing tetracycline drugs available in the pharmaceutical industry. Membranes with different weight percentages were synthesized from polyether sulfone (PES), Aliquat ۳۳۶ ionic liquid and kappa-carrageenan, so that the properties of these membranes were investigated by SEM, FT-IR and contact angle analyzes. PWF and tetracycline removal percentage by fabricated membranes were also evaluated. The results of SEM images showed that the irregular membrane structure of the membrane with ionic liquid increased with the addition of kappa-carrageenan polymer, the membrane structure was very regular and the flow rate of the membrane increased. However, the percentage of membrane clogging due to the presence of kappa-carrageenan polymer and the presence of hydrogen groups on the membrane surface and the formation of hydrogen bonds with tetracycline molecules increased the clogging of PES membrane. The highest volume of water leaving the membranes was related to PES-۰.۵A-۰.۵ membrane. The highest percentage of tetracycline removal according to the results of UV analysis was reported for samples collected from membrane tuberculosis related to PES-۰.۵A-۱C membrane with ۹۸% removal percentage, which is the highest removal percentage without change in flux Had a passage. The results of contact angle for fabricated membranes showed that adding ionic liquid and kappa-carrageenan biopolymer did not have much effect on the contact angle of PES membrane. The best contact angle of membranes made with ۶۰.۸۸ ° angle was related to PES-۰.۵A membrane. The results of FT-IR analysis showed that all bonds related to PES polymer appeared in the fabricated membranes.The only bond that appeared to contain the Aliquat۳۳۶ ionic fluid with the PES polymer in the fabricated membranes was the CH۲ tensile bond.