Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil, Tree Leaves and Water Samples by Magnetic Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Based on β-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Graphene Oxide Followed By GC-FID

A high-performance sorbent was synthesized and used to extract some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene) from environmental samples by using magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MdSPE) procedure followed by GC-FID. The sorbent was synthesized by grafting β-cyclodextrin (CD) onto magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) via hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) as a crosslinker. Good reusability, high surface area, and high PF values and fast extraction kinetics are the advantages of the introduced sorbent. Materials which originated from the nature such as dextrins, have attracted wide attention due to their excellent properties such as biocompatibility, low-cost, nonimmonogenic, chemical inertness and so on. Prepared magnetic sorbent (MGO/HMDI/β-CD) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The variables that affect the performance of the extraction method were investigated in detail, and thoroughly optimized using experimental design and response surface methodology. Under the optimum conditions (sorbent amount: ۲۵ mg, extraction time: ۲۰ min, concentration of NaCl: ۲۷% (w/v), desorption time: ۶ min, volume of desorption solvent: ۳۰۰ μL, and desorption solvent: toluene) preconcentration factors were obtained between ۴۶ and ۶۲. The results indicated that the extraction recoveries of these compounds were in the range of ۷۳.۰-۹۷.۱%. Good linearity within the range of ۵.۰-۱۰۰۰.۰ ng/mL with coefficients of determination higher than ۰.۹۸۴ were achieved. Detection limits were found to be ۰.۱-۰.۵ ng/mL, while the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were calculated to be ≤ ۸% (n = ۳). The fabricated sorbent was successfully applied for the extraction and quantification of PAHs in pretreated environmental samples (soil, tree leaves, and river water).

کلیدواژه ها:

β-Cyclodextrin ، Environmental samples ، Hexamethylene diisocyanate ، Magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction ، Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons